On the Relationship Between the Madden?Julian Oscillation and the Hadley and Walker Circulations

This study investigates: (i) how the local meridional (Hadley) and zonal (Walker) circulations change in each phase of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO); (ii) effect enhanced suppressed MJO-related convection on poleward extent Hadley and, thus, strengths positions subtropical jets. We examine these effects ERA-Interim reanalysis by decomposing vertical mass flux into components. show for first time, that as envelope moves eastwards from Africa to Central Pacific circulation is enhanced. The regional Walker strengthened when active MJO located over Maritime Continent weakened region there. In regions anomalous upper-level divergence jet core Asia shifts with progression farther linked convection. either or strengthens weakens circulation, producing disturbances jet. These then force midlatitude Rossby waves propagate across Ocean both hemispheres.